The short answer
Keep every bill, benefit statement, and receipt, document missed work through your employer rather than from memory, and keep a short dated note of what you cannot do that you previously could. Undocumented losses are usually treated as losses that did not happen.
Your reading roadmap
01
Two categories, documented differently
Financial losses with a paper trail — treatment, prescriptions, equipment, travel, damaged property, income not earned — are proved with records. Non-financial harm, such as pain and the effect on daily life, is established through medical evidence and specific detail rather than receipts. This article is about the first category, because it is the one entirely within your control.
02
Medical costs and what actually shows them
Provider bills show what was charged. Explanation-of-benefits statements from a health insurer show what was allowed, paid, and left owing. Those figures rarely match, and both matter — the billing record for the claim, the benefits statement for the reimbursement conversation that comes later.
- Provider bills, itemized where you can get them
- Explanation-of-benefits statements from any health insurer
- Prescription and pharmacy receipts
- Medical equipment, braces, and supplies
- Mileage or transport costs to appointments
- Paid help at home you would not otherwise have needed
03
Lost income needs employer documentation
A recollection of days missed is weak; a letter or record from an employer confirming dates, rate, and what was not paid is strong. Include used sick leave and vacation, since those have value even when a paycheck was unaffected. For self-employment, records of cancelled work, declined jobs, and comparable prior periods do the same job less neatly.
04
The out-of-pocket costs people forget
Travel and parking for appointments, childcare while attending them, help with tasks you normally do yourself, home adjustments, and replacing damaged personal items such as clothing, glasses, or a phone. Individually small, collectively substantial, and almost always missing from a first list because nobody thought to keep the receipts.
05
Keep a short daily note, not a diary
A line or two: what hurt, what you could not do, what you missed. This is the most persuasive evidence available for the non-financial side of a claim, and it is only credible if it was written contemporaneously. Adjectives are unhelpful; specifics are not — the shift you could not work, the stairs you avoided, the event you missed.
06
Future losses need professional input
Where an injury will continue to affect earning capacity or require further treatment, that is established through medical and sometimes vocational opinion rather than through your own records. What your documentation does is establish the pattern those opinions rest on, which is why consistency now matters for a question decided later.
07
Property and replacement costs count too
Damage to a vehicle, a phone, glasses, a bicycle, or clothing is a documented loss like any other, and it is frequently omitted because it feels separate from the injury. Keep repair estimates, invoices, and replacement receipts, and photograph damaged items before repairing or discarding them. Where a valuation is disputed, an estimate from an independent repairer is worth more than an assertion about what something was worth.
08
Organise it as you go
One folder, one running list with dates and amounts, receipts kept rather than discarded after a reimbursement. Reconstructing eight months of parking and pharmacy receipts is unpleasant and incomplete. Doing it weekly takes minutes and produces a schedule of losses that can be handed over intact.
FAQ
Frequently asked questions
Do I include costs my health insurance already paid?
Record all of it — what was billed, what the insurer paid, and what you paid. Who ultimately bears each amount is worked out later, and health insurers and benefit programs frequently hold rights to be repaid from a recovery. That reconciliation is impossible without both the billing record and the benefits statement.
How do I document lost income if I am self-employed?
It is harder and it is not impossible. Records of cancelled or declined work, invoices from comparable prior periods, tax returns, appointment calendars, and client correspondence all contribute. Start assembling it early, because reconstructing a pattern after the fact is far weaker than showing one that was recorded as it happened.
Are estimates acceptable?
Documented figures are always stronger, and where a record genuinely does not exist, say so and explain the basis of the estimate rather than presenting it as fact. Estimates presented as documented figures damage credibility on everything else in the claim.
Official forms and preparation tools
Get organized before you file or ask for help.
Use the preparation aids to collect information. Always obtain legal forms from the court or agency that controls them.
timelineInjury incident timeline
Fixes the sequence of events while memory is fresh, in the form a lawyer or adjuster can actually use.
Open checklist
How to use it
- Write it within days if you can; memory reshapes quickly
- Keep it factual and avoid characterising fault
- Mark where a record exists and where you are relying on memory
- Date the document itself, and do not rewrite it later
Before the incident
- What you were doing and where you were going
- Conditions — light, weather, surface, noise
- Anything you noticed that seemed unsafe
- Any prior injury to the same part of your body
The incident itself
- Date and time, as precisely as you can
- Exact location, including which entrance, aisle, or lane
- What happened, in sequence
- What was said at the scene, and by whom
- Who was present, with contact details
Immediately afterwards
- Who was notified, and when
- Report or claim numbers issued
- Whether photographs were taken, and by whom
- What was moved, cleaned, or repaired, and when
- First symptoms, and when they appeared
The days that followed
- First medical visit and what was said
- Work missed, and when it began
- Contact from any insurer, with names and dates
- Anything you signed or agreed to
This is preparation, not a statement to any insurer or court
It does not establish fault or the value of any claim
Completing it does not preserve any filing deadline
It is not legal advice and creates no attorney-client relationship
logInjury evidence log
Records what evidence exists, where it is, and what is at risk of disappearing before anyone requests it.
Open checklist
How to use it
- List what exists before worrying about what it proves
- Flag anything on a short retention cycle, especially video
- Note who controls each item, not only what it is
- Do not alter, clean, repair, or discard anything relevant
Physical evidence
- Anything involved in the incident, kept unaltered
- Damaged clothing, footwear, glasses, or equipment
- Vehicle or property damage, and where it is now
- Where each item is stored, and who has access
Images and recordings
Video retention cycles are frequently measured in days. Identify who controls footage first.
- Your own photographs and video, with original timestamps
- Photographs taken by anyone else, and who has them
- Nearby cameras — business, doorbell, transit, traffic
- Who controls each camera, and whether they have been asked
People
- Witnesses, with phone numbers and how to reach them
- Anyone who arrived afterwards and saw the conditions
- Staff or officials who responded
- Anyone who saw your condition in the days that followed
Documents
- Incident, police, or store reports and their numbers
- Correspondence from any insurer, with claim numbers
- Anything you have signed, with a copy retained
- Repair estimates, invoices, or property valuations
Listing evidence does not preserve it; some items require a formal request
It does not determine what is admissible or what matters legally
It does not preserve any filing deadline
It is not legal advice
logMedical treatment and expense log
Tracks treatment, costs, and missed work as they happen, so losses are documented rather than reconstructed.
Open checklist
How to use it
- Update it weekly; reconstruction months later is incomplete
- Record what was billed, what insurance allowed, and what you paid
- Note the reason for any gap in treatment at the time it happens
- Keep receipts even after a reimbursement
Providers and visits
- Provider name, specialty, and contact details
- Date of each visit and what it was for
- Diagnosis or findings as explained to you
- Referrals, imaging, and therapy ordered
- Whether records have been requested, and when
Costs
- Provider bills, with dates and amounts billed
- Explanation-of-benefits statements showing allowed and paid amounts
- What you paid out of pocket, with receipts
- Prescriptions, equipment, and supplies
- Travel, parking, and childcare for appointments
Work and income
- Dates missed, and whether paid or unpaid
- Sick leave or vacation used
- Employer confirmation obtained, and from whom
- Duties you could not perform on return
Daily effect
Specifics carry weight; adjectives do not. Record the shift you could not work, not how bad it felt.
- A line or two per day: what hurt, what you could not do
- Specific activities missed, with dates
- Help you needed that you would not normally need
- Any reason you missed or stopped treatment
This is a private record, not a medical record or a claim submission
It does not establish that any expense is recoverable
It is not medical or legal advice
Records govern where this log and the records disagree
logInsurer communication log
Creates a dated record of every insurer contact, request, and offer, so nothing rests on recollection.
Open checklist
How to use it
- Add an entry during or immediately after every contact
- Follow significant calls with a short written summary by email
- Record what was requested and under what authority
- Keep copies of everything sent to you and everything you sign
The basics for every contact
- Date, time, and how contact was made
- Name, company, and whether it is your insurer or another party's
- Claim number referenced
- Who initiated the contact
What was asked
- Information or documents requested
- Whether a recorded statement was requested
- Whether an authorization was requested, and its scope
- What you were told was required, and on what basis
What was said and agreed
- What you provided or declined to provide
- Any offer made, and whether it was confirmed in writing
- Any deadline you were given
- What was promised, and by when
Documents exchanged
- Letters and emails received, with dates
- Anything you signed, with a copy retained
- Records or bills you sent, and when
- Anything you asked for in writing and did not receive
This is a private record and is not submitted to anyone
Keeping it does not satisfy any policy obligation you may owe your insurer
It does not preserve any filing deadline
It is not legal advice about what you must provide
worksheetInjury consultation worksheet
Turns a first meeting into an assessment by fixing the facts, the documents, and the questions in advance.
Open checklist
How to use it
- Complete the facts and documents sections before the meeting
- Bring your declarations page; coverage questions come up immediately
- Disclose the awkward facts rather than waiting to be asked
- Write the answers down, including who gave them
What happened
- Date, location, and a short factual sequence
- Who else was involved, and any report numbers
- Whether fault has been disputed or assigned to you
- Whether a government entity or business was involved
Injuries and treatment
- Injuries diagnosed, and by whom
- Whether treatment is ongoing or finished
- Any prior injury to the same body part
- Any gap in treatment, and the reason for it
Insurance and money
- Your own declarations page and coverages
- Any other policy that might apply
- Health insurance or program that has paid for treatment
- Losses documented so far, and what is still missing
What you have already done
These change the advice, and every one of them is better raised now than discovered later.
- Statements given, to whom, and whether recorded
- Authorizations or documents signed
- Offers received
- Any other firm you have spoken with or signed with
Questions to ask
- What deadline applies to a claim like mine, and where does it come from?
- Who handles my file, and would it be referred elsewhere?
- How often does this firm try cases?
- Are costs deducted before or after the fee is calculated?
- Do I owe advanced costs if there is no recovery?
- Who resolves liens and reimbursement claims, and is that inside the fee?
- What is the weakest part of my claim?
This does not evaluate your claim or establish its value
It is not submitted to anyone and collects no information about you
Completing it creates no attorney-client relationship
It does not preserve any filing deadline
Federal · U.S. General Services AdministrationSF-95 — Claim for Damage, Injury, or Death
Presents an administrative claim to a federal agency for property damage, personal injury, or death alleged to have been caused by a federal employee acting within the scope of employment.
Form guide
SF-95 — Claim for Damage, Injury, or Death
Presents an administrative claim to a federal agency for property damage, personal injury, or death alleged to have been caused by a federal employee acting within the scope of employment.
Someone whose claim is against the United States. It does not apply to claims against a state, county, city, school district, or other non-federal public body, each of which has its own separate scheme.
Before any lawsuit. Federal law requires a claim to be presented to the appropriate federal agency and denied in writing before an action may be instituted.
- The correct federal agency whose employee is alleged to be responsible
- Date, time, and place of the incident
- A description of what happened and the basis of the claim
- The nature and extent of injury or damage
- A sum certain — a specific dollar amount claimed
- Witness names and contact details, where there are any
What the sections ask for
Section explanations describe what a form is asking for in ordinary language. They are not instructions about what any individual should write, and they do not replace the official instructions published with the form.
Identifies which federal agency is being asked to consider the claim. Presenting to the wrong agency is a common and consequential error.
A description of the incident and why the claimant says a federal employee is responsible.
Asks for a specific figure. The requirement that a claim state a sum certain is why this box matters more than it appears to.
Signed by the claimant or an authorized representative, certifying the claim.
Common mistakes
- Presenting the claim to the wrong federal agency
- Using this form for a claim against a state, county, or city body
- Omitting the sum certain
- Filing suit before the agency has denied the claim in writing
- Assuming the standard form is the only acceptable format when the regulations permit other written notification
Last source check: 2026-08-20 · awaiting attorney review
Continue preparing
Know what to gather before you act.
Lawyer in Town publishes general legal information for consumers. It is not legal advice, it does not create an attorney-client relationship, and it cannot account for the facts of any individual situation. Laws, court procedures, filing deadlines, and outcomes differ by state and by court, and they change over time. Confirm anything that affects a decision with a lawyer licensed in the relevant jurisdiction.
Which categories of loss are recoverable, and any limits on them, are state law and differ. Reimbursement rights held by insurers and benefit programs arise under federal and state law and under plan terms. No amount is stated.